Skip to content
Journal article · Pathways for Development

Towards an Ambivalence framework: decision-making on skills and training in global reproduction networks

How do firms decide on skills and training when the logics of price and efficiency collide with well-being, nurturing and altruism?

Erika Faigen, Tiago Teixeira and Roseline Wanjiru · Journal of Economic Geography (advance article), 1–25 · 2026

Abstract

The global production networks (GPNs) literature, with the instructive concept of strategic coupling, has attended to commercial production, often bracketing out social reproduction. This leaves a conceptual and analytical gap around uneven outcomes emerging in strategic coupling processes. The paper therefore turns to global reproduction networks (GrPNs) and engages with the concepts of power and ambivalence, and with convention theory to develop the ambivalence framework. The framework builds on the co-constitution of production and social reproduction in which imperatives, such as price and efficiency, well-being, nurturing, and altruism, co-exist. It turns the conceptual-analytical focus to decision-making on training, where these imperatives are ranked and generate outcomes for training and beyond. The explanatory potential of the framework is sketched with a vignette of organic rice farming in Viamão, Brazil.

Read the journal article at Journal of Economic Geography (advance article),

Related research

Policy brief · Public Policy

Investment in a turbulent era: pathways for development

As foreign direct investment concentrates in strategic sectors, how can developing countries find realistic entry points rather than join subsidy races they cannot win?

Nan Li Collins · PB26C · July 2026